The concepts of integration and inclusion are interlinked; however, they do not have the same meaning. Integration consists of bringing someone into an existing social group or system, while inclusion means creating an environment that values and respects all individuals, regardless of their differences. Countries with large inflows of refugees and migrants need to put in place effective integration and inclusion policies. The successful integration and inclusion of refugees and migrants in a country relies heavily on ensuring broad public opinion support, and on recognizing the benefits of diversity in society by its citizens. Integration strategies and policies at the governmental level and the involvement of civil society are necessary to prevent racism, intolerance and discrimination against refugees and migrants and to avoid their usage as scapegoats by extremist political movements in times of crisis. Such acts of violence pose a threat to the respect for human rights, compromise social cohesion and the rule of law and undermine democracy. This study addresses the main challenges presented by integration and inclusion of refugees and migrants and analyses the possible new directions to be taken by policymakers hoping to achieve successful integration and prevent backsliding pressures on the democratic system.
Keywords: Integration; Inclusion; Refugees; Migrants; Human Rights; Democracy